Blog Details

India at WTO: Valuing sustainability over niche trade

• Protecting human lives must take precedence over negotiating new and complex commitments especially during pandemic at the WTO.
• India said that there are several poorer countries who do not have the platforms and resources to participate in digital meetings during the pandemic. Therefore, negotiating and taking key decisions relating to global trade policy will be unfair practice for these countries.
• It is definitely unfair to forcefully levy tariff cut, as many developing economies and LDCs will lose their manufacturing competitiveness due to relatively infant industries. 
• India has instead advocated a collaborative approach to push trade during pandemic.

WTO

Recently, India took couple of bold steps at WTO’s discussion forum to protect the interest of developing nations and LDCs during and post the pandemic phase. India has taken an official stand at the World Trade Organisation in favour of procrastinating all negotiations, including the talks on curbing fisheries subsidies and slashing tariffs on certain set of products till the COVID-19 pandemic is controlled.

This stand by India is being supported by many developing countries and Least Developed Countries (LDCs). India said that there are several poorer countries who do not have the platforms and resources to participate in digital meetings during the pandemic. Therefore, negotiating and taking key decisions relating to global trade policy will be an unfair practice for these countries. Apart from this, there might be many economies that are facing livelihood challenges, who may wish to change their negotiating positions or stand, which would ideally get reflected only when the crisis seems to get over.

India has logically and cogently explained that the economic hardship and threat to food security and livelihood may lead several WTO members to re-examine their negotiating positions across different areas of the WTO’s work. Thus, active and aggressive negotiations seem fruitless.

Another stand which India took at the discussion forum of WTO against developed nations is the opposing of the push for permanent tariff cuts. Some developed countries like New Zealand, Australia, Switzerland, Canada and Singapore have proposed that permanent tariff cuts can be levied by WTO member countries unanimously to ease out trade flows in current crisis.

India clearly stated that permanent tariff cuts on products of floriculture, processed food and other essential products may hurt the domestic industries of developing nations and LDCs. Forcing or binding trade policies during pandemic phase limits the policy options to respond to the crisis and possibility to fight against similar pandemic in future. Otherwise also, tariffs and restricting exports are permitted trade polices by WTO. It is definitely unfair to forcefully levy the tariff cut, as many developing economies and LDCs will lose their competitiveness in manufacturing due to relatively infant industries. In fact, the protection of nascent manufacturing and industrial sectors may be more suitable by allowing such countries to escalate tariff rates, which is also legal during a calamity.

Confirmed COVID-19 cases by country, territory or area, May 15-21

Source: WHO COVID Situation Report-122

Since a majority of the economies are observing huge job losses, especially in the core manufacturing sector, impetus should be given to save the domestic outlook and not to proliferate the pace of global trade straightaway. Recently India’s finance ministry has announced initiatives to boost industrial activities, supply chain, infrastructure, champion sector performance and value addition. Similarly, other developing economies and LDCs are interested in making their domestic industry competitive, which needs a tariff protection. Henceforth, these countries are supporting India’s stand.

Suggestive WTO Compliant Approach

The general focus during any crisis would always be to look at the domestic market of various countries. The first step should be to build capability, fix the supply chain logistics etc. and then look at what can be exported to attract mega business, rather than simply slashing tariff rates.

Let’s present a simple case to understand this. Till recently, China remained a major global trade hub, with its exports at well over US$ 2 trillion, and COVID-19 related disruptions in the country are affecting supply chains across the globe. Provided that India develops its manufacturing and export capabilities respectively over the next year, it could well fetch a major chunk of this Chinese share. For other countries also, an aggressive export-led strategy may not be an easy option as it was pre-COVID period. But an inward turn, already evident before the crisis for some economies, will surely ensure some growth.

India has advocated the collaborative approach to push trade during pandemic. It is quite clear that majority of the countries are individually researching on the vaccine of novel coronavirus using intellectual capability and human capital. The Doha declaration of WTO clarifies the scope of TRIPS, stating for example that TRIPS (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) can and should be interpreted in light of the goal to promote access to medicines for all.

Using the same agreement which is WTO compliant, India at WTO forum has said that if WTO members are serious about trade-related measures aimed at combating COVID-19, then a useful starting point would be to enable the use of TRIPs flexibilities to ensure access to essential medicines, treatments and vaccines at affordable prices

Also, economies should be ready to do some modifications in the agreement if required to fight against COVID-19, making it the utmost important agenda of the WTO’s discussion. The next point, which needs be addressed at the discussion forum is the weak situation in LDCS wrt broadband infrastructure and digital literacy.

Medicare or complex negotiations?

According to Global Trade Alert data, several of the developing countries most affected by COVID-19 have started implementing import reforms in the past days. For instance, Pakistan introduced tax and import duty exemption for medical and testing equipment, while Brazil eliminated tariffs on medical and hospital products. Many of these reforms are on a temporary basis, protection is suspended rather than eliminated.

While this is a step in the right direction, exporters might be reluctant to enter markets if they perceive policy changes to be temporary. Locking-in tariff reductions and other policy changes in WTO commitments would be a more effective trade policy reform to address the COVID-19 health crisis for medical products.

To address the crisis, key medical supplies and other crucial COVID-19 products should flow freely from producers to where they are needed. Export restrictions and import protection are collectively inefficient. For developing countries, as they see the number of COVID-19 cases rise, trade protectionism will cost lives. Trade policy cooperation should first aim at preserving open markets in this difficult time. But, for other products (other than essential medicinal products), permanent tariff cut will be highly unfair for developed nations and LDCs as discussed above.

aceh4d acehbola aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d toto 4d tus4d aceh4d neototo neototo neototo aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d AcehBola aceh4d aceh4d neototo neototo neototo neototo neototo aceh4d aceh4d neototo neototo neototo jmkbet aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d tus4d aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d neototo neototo neototo Aceh4D Aceh4D Aceh4D Aceh4D Aceh4D Aceh4D Aceh4D aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d slot gacor Aceh4D AcehBola AcehBola Aceh4D aceh4d AcehBola AcehBola AcehBola slot gacor toto slot slot gacor aceh4d Aceh4D Aceh4D Aceh4D Aceh4D neototo Aceh4D tus4d aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d toto slot aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d slot gacor toto slot Aceh4D jmkbettus4d AcehBola Aceh4D AcehBola Aceh4D Aceh4D Aceh4D Aceh4D Aceh4D Aceh4D Aceh4D Aceh4D Aceh4D Aceh4D Aceh4D Aceh4D Aceh4D toto slot Aceh4D Aceh4D Aceh4D Aceh4D Aceh4D Aceh4D Aceh4D Aceh4D Aceh4D Aceh4D slot gacor slot gacor slot gacor aceh4d slot gacor slot gacor slot gacor aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d toto slot toto slot toto slot toto slot toto slot toto slot toto slot aceh4d slot online slot bet 400 acehbola scatter hitam Situs Bet 100 perak acehbola, Toto Togel Slot Gacor Slot Gacor Acehbola aceh4d aceh4d Slot Gacor acehbola tus4d aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d scatter hitam acehbola, slot toto Slot gacor Slot gacor Slot gacor Slot gacor slot gacor slot gacor slot gacor slot gacor slot gacor slot gacor slot gacor slot gacor slot gacor slot gacor slot gacor toto slot slot gacor slot toto togel slot gacor slot gacor slot gacor slot gacor slot gacor slot gacor slot gacor slot gacor slot gacor slot gacor slot gacor slot gacor slot gacor slot gacor slot gacor slot gacor slot toto slot gacor slot gacor slot gacor slot gacor slot gacor slot gacor slot gacor Slot Gacor slot gacor ACEH4D slot gacor slot gacor slot gacor slot gacor slot gacor slot gacor slot gacor slot gacor aceh4d slot gacor toto slot Scatter Hitam neototo slot gacor jmkbet SLOT GACOR aceh4d jmkbet jmkbet jmkbet Aceh4d Aceh4d Aceh4d Acehbola Aceh4d Aceh4d Aceh4d Aceh4d Aceh4d Aceh4d Aceh4d-slot-toto aceh4d-link-alternatif acehbola jmkbet Daftar Aceh4d tus4d login neototo situs aceh4d tus4d-login aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d acehbola acehbola aceh4d neototo Jmkbet aceh4d aceh4d acehbola acehbola tus4d slot toto slot toto Neototo Neototo Neototo Neototo Neototo Neototo Neototo lapak7d neototo neototo neototo aceh4d jmkbet aceh4d aceh4d tus4d neototo Aceh4d Acehbola neototo jmkbet neototo Acehbola aceh4d Acehbola Acehbola Acehbola aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d Acehbola aceh4d aceh4d Acehbola aceh4d aceh4d Acehbola

slot gacor

slot gacor

toto slot

ACEHBOLA

aceh4d

acehbola

slot qris

slot dana

slot gacor

aceh4d

slot toto

neototo

toto slot

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

toto 4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

slot maxwin

situs toto

aceh4d

toto slot

aceh4d

slot dana

aceh4d

slot dana

toto slot

aceh4d

toto slot

slot online

slot toto

slot gacor

aceh4d

https://cidadao.gurupi.to.gov.br/

aceh4d

aceh4d

toto slot

slot 4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

cie4d

aceh4d

toto slot

aceh4d

aceh4d

toto slot

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

toto slot

slot toto

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

slot gacor

situs togel

slot gacor

toto slot

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

slot gacor

slot gacor

slot gacor

slot gacor

slot gacor

slot gacor

slot 4d

acehbola

aceh4d

aceh4d

slot 4d

slot 4d

https://www.health.gov.mw/

slot gacor

aceh4d

slot gacor

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

toto slot

aceh4d

neototo

toto slot

https://app.inspen.gov.my/

ACEH4D

ACEH4D

slot4d

ACEH4D

ACEH4D

ACEH4D

slot 4d

ACEH4D

ACEH4D

ACEH4D

ACEH4D

ACEH4D

ACEH4D

ACEH4D

ACEH4D

ACEH4D

>

ACEH4D

login aceh4d

ACEH4D

situs toto

situs togel

ACEH4D

slot

ACEH4D

ACEH4D

re

ACEH4D

ACEH4D

ACEH4D

ACEH4D

ACEH4D

ACEH4D

ACEH4D

ACEH4D

ACEH4D

ACEH4D

gacor slot

ACEH4D

ACEH4D

https://centrodeservicio.ecci.edu.co/

ACEH4D

ACEH4D

ACEH4D

slot gacor

slot gacor

slot gacor

aceh4d

slot gacor

slot gacor

slot gacor

slot gacor

slot gacor

slot gacor

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

slot 2025

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

slot gacor hari ini

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

bobatoto

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

slot gacor

slot gacor hari ini

slot gacor hari ini

slot maxwin

slot gacor

aceh4d

toto slot

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

slot gacor

slot qris

slot qris

sakutoto

toto slot

toto slot

aceh4d

toto slot

toto slot

aceh4d

toto slot

arahtogel

jpmania

toto slot

toto slot

toto slot

toto slot

aceh4d

toto slot

toto slot

slot gacor hari ini

Slot gacor

aceh4d

slot gacor hari ini

toto slot

toto slot

Slot gacor

Slot gacor

Slot gacor

Poker Online

slot gacor

Poker Online

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

acehbola

acehbola

aceh4d

neototo

Jmkbet

aceh4d

aceh4d

acehbola

acehbola

tus4d

acehbola

Poker Online

slot gacor

slot gacor

slot gacor

slot gacor

slot gacor

slot gacor

aceh4d

slot gacor

slot gacor

slot gacor

slot gacor

slot gacor

slot gacor

slot gacor

slot gacor

Bandar togel toto

Slot dana

Toto slot gacor

Bandar Toto 4D

Agen toto 88

Toto togel 4d

Bandar togel resmi

slot gacor

Scatter hitam

slot toto togel

Slot dana

Bandar togel online

https://www.wildlabsky.com/

Situs slot

slot toto togel

slot gacor

slot gacor

Bandar togel 4D

aceh4d login

toto slot

slot gacor

toto slot

slot gacor

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

Slot qris

slot qris

Bandar togel online

Togel online

aceh4d login

Slot gacor

Aceh4d

Togel Online

toto slot

slot toto

slot gacor

Togel toto macau

ACEH4D

ACEH4D

SLOT GACOR

SLOT GACOR

SLOT GACOR

Slot toto gacor

Togel online

Slot toto

Slot Toto

Slot qris

Slot gacor

aceh4d

Slot gacor

tus4d

tus4d

tus4d

Slot maxwin

Aceh4d

slot gacor

slot gacor

slot toto

ACEH4D

Slot qris

slot online

scatter hitam

slot gacor

slot gacor

slot indonesia

togel online

aceh4d

slot gacor

tus4d

Togel toto online

Slot Gacor

Slot Toto

Bandar togel online

Slot indonesia

toto slot gacor

scatter hitam

slot gacor

slot toto gacor

aceh4d

neototo

slot indonesia

acehbola

situs toto slot

ACEH4D

acehbola

slot toto gacor

slot gacor

toto slot

slot gacor

aceh4d

toto slot

toto slot

situs toto

aceh4d

aceh4d

Slot online

https://stitypilahat.ac.id/

ACEH4D LOGIN

Slot toto gacor

Bandar togel online

acehbola

acehbola

acehbola

ACEH4D LOGIN

acehbola

aceh4d

Toto slot

Scatter hitam

jmkbet

aceh4d

ACEH4D

ACEH4D

ACEH4D

ACEH4D

ACEH4D

slot gacor

slot toto gacor

slot gacor

slot toto

togel toto macau

slot resmi gacor

slot gacor

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

Slot toto

acehbola

acehbola

slot gacor

ACEH4D

ACEH4D

aceh4d

ACEH4D

tus4d

tus4d

Slot gacor

ACEH4D

ACEH4D

SCATTER HITAM

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

slot toto

slot toto

slot toto

slot toto

aceh4d

slot toto

slot gacor

slot toto

aceh4d

aceh4d

scatter hitam

scatter hitam

scatter hitam

Toto slot

ACEH4D

scatter hitam

scatter hitam

scatter hitam

scatter hitam

ACEH4D

aceh4d

acehbola

ACEH4D

slot toto

tus4d

situs toto

slot toto

aceh4d

slot maxwin

aceh4d

slot toto

tus4d

tus4d

acehbola

cie4d

slot toto gacor

slot online

ACEH4D

slot gacor online

slot toto 4d

toto 4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

scatter hitam

toto slot gacor

slot toto

slot toto

situs togel

situs togel

tus4d

tus4d

aceh4d

toto slot

bobatoto

situs judi online terpercaya

slot online gacor hari ini

togel online terpercaya

bandar togel resmi

link slot gacor terbaru

situs slot dan togel terpercaya

acehbola

acehbola

acehbola

acehbola

acehbola

toto slot

slot zeus

slot toto

togel toto 4d

toto slot gacor

toto 4d

slot gacor

slot toto

slot dana

depo 5000

situs togel

slot maxwn

toto togel

slot gacor

aceh4d

toto macau

slot toto

situs togel

togel online

togel toto 4d

slot gacor

slot gacor

neototo

neototo

toto gacor

neototo

slot gacor

slot gacor

slot toto

slot qris

scatter hitam

slot qris

slot dana

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

toto slot gacor

aceh4d

slot gacor

toto slot

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

slot toto

slot toto

aceh4d

slot maxwin

situs toto

slot gacor

toto slot

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

slot gacor

slot gacor

slot gacor

toto gacor

acehbola

acehbola

acehbola

acehbola

acehbola

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

toto slot

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

situs toto

slot maxwin

slot thailand

situs toto

slot dana

rtp slot

aceh4d slot

ACEHBOLA

aceh4d

situs gacor

ACEHBOLA

jmkbet

neototo

acehbola

aceh4d

aceh4d

neototo

ACEHBOLA

neototo

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

slot dana

situs toto

situs toto

slot toto

acehbola

situs toto

slot gacor

ACEHBOLA

ACEHBOLA

ACEH4D

SLOT DANA

ACEHBOLA

SITUS TOTO GACOR

SITUS SLOT TOTO

neototo

neototo

aceh4d

acehbola

aceh4d

aceh4d

slot gacor

acehbola

toto slot

acehbola

acehbola

Neototo

Slot Toto

toto slot

aceh4d

slot toto

aceh4d

slot gacor

toto slot

scatter hitam

toto slot

slot thailand

aceh4d

aceh4d

slot toto

aceh4d

aceh4d

slot gacor

slot dana

Slot Gacor

Situs togel

Slot Gacor

https://ppid.isi-padangpanjang.ac.id/

slot4d

togel online

slot toto

togel online

slot gacor

toto slot

aceh4d

slot gacor

neototo

slot 4d

toto gacor

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

slot maxwin

slot gacor

slot gacor

situs slot

slot dana

slot gacor

slot online

slot toto

aceh4d

slot toto

neototo

jmkbet

tus4d

aceh4d

slot toto

acehbola

neototo

aceh4d

aceh4d

neototo

neototo

neototo

toto slot

acehbola

toto slot

jmkbet

jmkbet

Slot Gacor

slot toto

aceh4d

Slot toto

toto gacor

aceh4d

toto slot

neototo

jmkbet

aceh4d

SLOT GACOR

LINK SLOT GACOR

LINK SITUS TOTO

SITUS SLOT GACOR

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

slot toto

toto slot

slot 4d

neototo

slot gacor

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

acehbola

acehbola

acehbola

acehbola

slot qris

slot toto

toto gacor

acehbola

acehbola

acehbola

acehbola

aceh4d

slot toto

neototo

neototo

acehbola

aceh4d

slot dana

situs togel

slot gacor

slot gacor

slot dana

togel online

togel online

situs toto

slot maxwin

slot gacor

slot dana

situs togel

situs slot

togel online

acehbola

slot toto

acehbola

slot dana

slot toto

slot toto

togel online

neototo

slot toto

aceh4d

acehbola

acehbola

slot qris

slot dana

acehbola

acehbola

acehbola

toto slot

slot toto

slot toto

slot toto

slot dana

jmkbet

slot gacor

slot toto

slot gacor

acehbola

acehbola

aceh4d

aceh4d

acehbola

toto slot

slot toto

slot toto

slot toto

acehbola

slot gacor

slot gacor

slot toto

slot gacor

slot toto

slot toto

aceh4d

slot toto

situs gacor

slot maxwin

slot maxwin

togel online

slot dana

slot 5000

situs slot

acehbola

aceh4d

slot dana

acehbola

acehbola

toto gacor

situs gacor

slot toto

toto slot

toto slot

slot dana

toto gacor

slot dana

slot dana

slot vip

slot dana

aceh4d

slot dana

slot toto

slot dana

slot gacor

slot dana

slot gacor hari ini

slot dana

slot dana

toto slot

slot toto

slot toto

toto togel

toto slot gacor

slot dana

aceh4d

aceh4d

slot dana

acehbola

acehbola

acehbola

acehbola

acehbola

slot dana

slot dana

slot dana

acehbola

acehbola

slot gacor

slot online

aceh4d

aceh4d

acehbola

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

slot dana

slot dana

aceh4d

toto slot

toto slot

neototo

aceh4d

aceh4d

slot maxwin

agent slot

slot toto

slot toto

slot toto

aceh4d

acehbola

aceh4d

aceh4d

slot dana

acehbola

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

slot toto

slot 5000

agent togel

slot online

aceh4d

aceh4d

togel online

acehbola

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

aceh4d

acehbola

neototo

aceh4d

aceh4d

acehbola

Vous recherchez des services de nettoyage professionnel en Savoie et en Haute-Savoie ? Pour un entretien impeccable de votre chalet ou de votre hôtel, faites confiance à notre équipe experte en nettoyage de chalets et hôtels . Nous intervenons dans les plus belles stations de ski comme Courchevel, Méribel et Val-d'Isère, mais aussi pour vos besoins en nettoyage de fin de chantier.

Bokep Indonesia

Bokep Sma

Aceh4D Aceh4D Aceh4D Aceh4D Aceh4D Aceh4D slot gacor Aceh4D Aceh4D Aceh4D Aceh4D aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d aceh4d